Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 85
For the same reason it was generally employed by those who inscribed timber tablets, which formed the primitive book, ere they discovered or learned how to use pen, ink, and parchment.
Who acts: same reason, timber tablets, books · What happens: employ, inscribe, form, discover, learn, use · To what, where: use, timber tablets, primitive book, ere, pen
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (same reason, timber tablets, books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 4 reason | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 employed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 employed | aux:pass |
| 7 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 8 employed | advmod |
| 8 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 those | case |
| 10 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 employed | obl |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 inscribed | nsubj |
| 12 | inscribed | inscribe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 those | acl:relcl |
| 13 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tablets | compound |
| 14 | tablets | tablet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 inscribed | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 formed | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 formed | nsubj |
| 17 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 tablets | acl:relcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 book | det |
| 19 | primitive | primitive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 book | amod |
| 20 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 formed | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ere | punct |
| 22 | ere | ere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 book | appos |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 discovered | nsubj |
| 24 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 ere | acl:relcl |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 learned | cc |
| 26 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 discovered | conj |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 use | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 use | mark |
| 29 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 learned | xcomp |
| 30 | pen | pen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 use | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 ink | punct |
| 32 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pen | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 parchment | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 parchment | cc |
| 35 | parchment | parchment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reason | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 reason | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | employ | past · passive | the same reason and parchment | use | generally property | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | inscribe | past | timber tablets | who nsubj | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent tablet=Destination | ||||
| 3 | form | past | timber tablets | the primitive book | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location book=Theme | ||||
| 4 | discover | past | books = book | ere not said here | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ere=Topic | ||||
| 5 | learn | past | books = book not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | use | to-infinitive | books = book not said here | pen and ink | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/85/