Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 88
On the other hand, the fact that the majority of these stones are discovered in raths and forts, i.e., the tombs of our Pagan ancestors, corroborates the fact implied in all the bardic literature, that the characters employed in the ethnic times were Oghamic, and affords another proof of the close conservative spirit of the bards in their transcription, compilation, or reformation of the old epics.
Who acts: fact, characters, facts · What happens: discover, corroborate, imply, employ, be, afford · To what, where: majority, raths, fact, other hand, bardic literature, proof
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fact, characters, facts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 hand | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 hand | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hand | amod |
| 4 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 corroborates | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 hand | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fact | det |
| 7 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 corroborates | nsubj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 discovered | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 majority | det |
| 10 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 discovered | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 stones | case |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 stones | det |
| 13 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 majority | nmod |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 discovered | aux:pass |
| 15 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 fact | acl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 raths | case |
| 17 | raths | rath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 discovered | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 forts | cc |
| 19 | forts | fort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 raths | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 i.e. | punct |
| 21 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 17 raths | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 tombs | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 tombs | det |
| 24 | tombs | tomb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 raths | conj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 ancestors | case |
| 26 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 27 | Pagan | pagan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 ancestors | amod |
| 28 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 tombs | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 fact | punct |
| 30 | corroborates | corroborate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 fact | det |
| 32 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 corroborates | obj |
| 33 | implied | imply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 fact | acl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 literature | case |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 literature | det:predet |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 literature | det |
| 37 | bardic | bardic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 literature | amod |
| 38 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 implied | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 employed | punct |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 employed | mark |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 characters | det |
| 42 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 employed | nsubj |
| 43 | employed | employ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 corroborates | conj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 times | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 times | det |
| 46 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 times | amod |
| 47 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 Oghamic | obl |
| 48 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 Oghamic | cop |
| 49 | Oghamic | oghamic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 employed | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 affords | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 affords | cc |
| 52 | affords | afford | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 corroborates | conj |
| 53 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 54 proof | det |
| 54 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 affords | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 spirit | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 spirit | det |
| 57 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 spirit | amod |
| 58 | conservative | conservative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 spirit | amod |
| 59 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 proof | nmod |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 bards | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 bards | det |
| 62 | bards | bard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 spirit | nmod |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 transcription | case |
| 64 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 transcription | nmod:poss |
| 65 | transcription | transcription | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 bards | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 compilation | punct |
| 67 | compilation | compilation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 transcription | conj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 reformation | punct |
| 69 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 70 reformation | cc |
| 70 | reformation | reformation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 affords | obl |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 epics | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 epics | det |
| 73 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 epics | amod |
| 74 | epics | epic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 reformation | nmod |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 corroborates | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discover | present · passive | the fact not said here | the majority of this stones | raths and forts and the tombs of our Pagan ancestors | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 2 | corroborate | present | the fact | the fact | the other hand | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fact=Topic | |||
| 3 | imply | participle | the fact not said here | all bardic literature | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 4 | employ | past | the characters | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | time | oghamic property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | afford | present | the fact not said here | another proof of the close conservative spirit of the bards in facts's transcription and compilation | reformation of the old epics obl | tree rules | |||
| 7 | proof | the close conservative spirit of the bards in facts's transcription and compilation | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | transcribe | facts = fact | nom transcription «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | reform | the old epics | nom reformation «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/88/