Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6, sentence 21
The Faed Fia of the Greek gods has been refined by Homer into "much darkness," which, from an artistic point of view, one can hardly help imagining that Homer nodded as he wrote.] at the the table of Mananan, and would never grow old, who had invented for themselves the Faed Fia, and might not be seen of the gross eyes of men; there steeds like Anvarr crossing the wet sea like a firm plain; there ships whose rudder was the will, and whose sails and oars the wish, of those they bore [Note: Cf.
Who acts: Homer, one, steeds, plains · What happens: refine, help, imagine, nod, write, not grow · To what, where: Faed Fia, much darkness, wet sea, wish, Note
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Homer, one, steeds, plains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Fia | det |
| 2 | Faed | Faed | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Fia | compound |
| 3 | Fia | Fia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 refined | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 gods | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gods | det |
| 6 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 gods | amod |
| 7 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Fia | nmod |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 refined | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 refined | aux:pass |
| 10 | refined | refine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 Homer | case |
| 12 | Homer | Homer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 refined | obl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 darkness | case |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 darkness | punct |
| 15 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 darkness | amod |
| 16 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 refined | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 point | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 point | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 point | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 point | punct |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 point | case |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 point | det |
| 23 | artistic | artistic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 point | amod |
| 24 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 refined | parataxis |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 view | case |
| 26 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 help | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 view | punct |
| 28 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 help | nsubj |
| 29 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 help | aux |
| 30 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 31 help | advmod |
| 31 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 point | appos |
| 32 | imagining | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 help | xcomp |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 nodded | mark |
| 34 | Homer | Homer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 nodded | nsubj |
| 35 | nodded | nod | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 imagining | ccomp |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 38 wrote | mark |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 wrote | nsubj |
| 38 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 nodded | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 help | punct |
| 40 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 24 point | punct |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 44 table | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 table | det |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 table | det |
| 44 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 refined | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 Mananan | case |
| 46 | Mananan | Mananan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 table | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 grow | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 grow | cc |
| 49 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 51 grow | aux |
| 50 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 51 grow | advmod |
| 51 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 refined | conj |
| 52 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 grow | xcomp |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 invented | punct |
| 54 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 invented | nsubj |
| 55 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 invented | aux |
| 56 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 51 grow | parataxis |
| 57 | for | for | ADP | _ | 58 themselves | case |
| 58 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 56 invented | obl |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 Fia | det |
| 60 | Faed | Faed | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 Fia | compound |
| 61 | Fia | Fia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 invented | obl |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 seen | punct |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 seen | cc |
| 64 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 67 seen | aux |
| 65 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 67 seen | advmod |
| 66 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 67 seen | aux:pass |
| 67 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 invented | conj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 eyes | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 eyes | det |
| 70 | gross | gross | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 eyes | amod |
| 71 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 seen | obl |
| 72 | of | of | ADP | _ | 73 men | case |
| 73 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 eyes | nmod |
| 74 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 76 steeds | punct |
| 75 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 76 steeds | expl |
| 76 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 refined | obl |
| 77 | like | like | ADP | _ | 78 Anvarr | case |
| 78 | Anvarr | Anvarr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 steeds | nmod |
| 79 | crossing | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 76 steeds | acl |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 sea | det |
| 81 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 sea | amod |
| 82 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 crossing | obj |
| 83 | like | like | ADP | _ | 86 plain | case |
| 84 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 86 plain | det |
| 85 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 plain | amod |
| 86 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 crossing | obl |
| 87 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 89 ships | punct |
| 88 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 89 ships | expl |
| 89 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 steeds | conj |
| 90 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 91 rudder | nmod:poss |
| 91 | rudder | rudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 will | nsubj |
| 92 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 94 will | cop |
| 93 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 will | det |
| 94 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 89 ships | acl:relcl |
| 95 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 sails | punct |
| 96 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 sails | cc |
| 97 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 98 sails | nmod:poss |
| 98 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 steeds | conj |
| 99 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 100 oars | cc |
| 100 | oars | oar | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 refined | conj |
| 101 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 102 wish | det |
| 102 | wish | wish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 oars | obj |
| 103 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 107 bore | punct |
| 104 | of | of | ADP | _ | 105 those | case |
| 105 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 107 bore | obl |
| 106 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 107 bore | nsubj |
| 107 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 refined | conj |
| 108 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 109 Note | punct |
| 109 | Note | note | NOUN | Number=Sing | 107 bore | obj |
| 110 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 111 Cf | punct |
| 111 | Cf | Cf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 109 Note | appos |
| 112 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 refined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refine | present · perfect · passive | Homer | the Faed Fia of the Greek gods | much darkness | at the table of Mananan; steeds there like Anvarr and ships there and steeds there like Anvarr and ships there and steeds's sails's sails obl; a artistic point parataxis | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||
| 2 | help | can | one | of view; hardly property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | imagine | gerund | one not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | nod | past | Homer | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | write | past | Homer | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | not grow | would | Homer not said here | old property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | invent | past · perfect | the Faed Fia | for gods = god; who nsubj | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for themselves=Beneficiary | ||||
| 8 | not see | might · passive | of the gross eyes of men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 9 | cross | gerund | steeds there like Anvarr and ships there and steeds there like Anvarr and ships there and steeds's sails's sails not said here | the wet sea | like a firm plain | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient | |||
| 10 | oar | present | Homer not said here | the wish | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wish=Theme | ||||
| 11 | bear | past | plains = plain | Note | of those | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/6/21/