Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6, sentence 49
For to read the originals aright needs many years of labour, the Irish tongue presenting at different epochs the characteristics of distinct languages, while the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy, in the defaced and illegible manuscripts, form of themselves quite a large department of study.
Who acts: aright, Irish tongue · What happens: read, need, present, deface, form · To what, where: originals, defaced manuscripts, different epochs, manuscripts
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aright, Irish tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 3 read | case |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 read | mark |
| 3 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 originals | det |
| 5 | originals | original | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 read | obj |
| 6 | aright | aright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 needs | nsubj |
| 7 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 originals | acl:relcl |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 years | amod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 needs | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 labour | case |
| 11 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 years | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 tongue | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tongue | det |
| 14 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 tongue | amod |
| 15 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 labour | conj |
| 16 | presenting | present | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 tongue | acl |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 epochs | case |
| 18 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 epochs | amod |
| 19 | epochs | epoch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 presenting | obl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 characteristics | det |
| 21 | characteristics | characteristic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 epochs | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 languages | case |
| 23 | distinct | distinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 languages | amod |
| 24 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 characteristics | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 peculiarities | punct |
| 26 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 28 peculiarities | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 peculiarities | det |
| 28 | peculiarities | peculiarity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 read | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 caligraphy | case |
| 30 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 caligraphy | amod |
| 31 | caligraphy | caligraphy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 peculiarities | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 manuscripts | punct |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 manuscripts | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 manuscripts | det |
| 35 | defaced | deface | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 manuscripts | amod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 illegible | cc |
| 37 | illegible | illegible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 defaced | conj |
| 38 | manuscripts | manuscript | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 read | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 form | punct |
| 40 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 manuscripts | appos |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 themselves | case |
| 42 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 40 form | nmod |
| 43 | quite | quite | DET | PronType=Ind | 46 department | det:predet |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 department | det |
| 45 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 department | amod |
| 46 | department | department | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 read | parataxis |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 study | case |
| 48 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 department | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 read | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | read | to-infinitive | the originals | the defaced manuscripts | the peculiarities of ancient caligraphy obl; quite large department of study parataxis | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent original=Topic | |||
| 2 | need | present | aright | the originals not said here | year | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot original=Theme | |||
| 3 | present | gerund | the Irish tongue not said here | different epochs and the characteristics of distinct languages | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | deface | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | form | manuscripts = manuscript | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/6/49/