Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3, sentence 3
In the golden hued Wázu-pe-weé --the moon when the wild rice is gathered; When the leaves on the tall sugar-tree are as red as the breast of the robin, And the red-oaks that border the lea are aflame with the fire of the sunset, From the wide waving fields of wild-rice --from the meadows of Psin-ta-wak-pá-dan, [a] Where the geese and the mallards rejoice, and grow fat on the bountiful harvest, Came the hunters with saddles of moose and the flesh of the bear and the bison, And the women in birchen canoes well laden with rice from the meadows, With the tall, dusky hunters, behold, came a marvelous man or a spirit, White-faced and so wrinkled and old, and clad in the robe of the raven.
Who acts: golden, leaves, red oaks, ta, geese, women · What happens: hue, gather, be, wave, dan, rejoice · To what, where: Wázu pe weé, wild rice, fat, hunters, bountiful harvest, marvelous man
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (golden, leaves, red oaks, ta), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | SCONJ | _ | 4 hued | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 golden | det |
| 3 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hued | nsubj |
| 4 | hued | hue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Wázu | Wázu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 weé | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Wázu | punct |
| 7 | pe | pe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 weé | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 pe | punct |
| 9 | weé | weé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hued | obj |
| 10 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 12 moon | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 moon | det |
| 12 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 weé | conj |
| 13 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 18 gathered | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rice | det |
| 15 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rice | amod |
| 16 | rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gathered | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 gathered | aux:pass |
| 18 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 hued | advcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 red | punct |
| 20 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 31 red | mark |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 leaves | det |
| 22 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 red | nsubj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 tree | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 tree | det |
| 25 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 tree | amod |
| 26 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 tree | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 sugar | punct |
| 28 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 leaves | nmod |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 red | cop |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 red | advmod |
| 31 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hued | parataxis |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 breast | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 breast | det |
| 34 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 red | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 robin | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 robin | det |
| 37 | robin | robin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 breast | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 aflame | punct |
| 39 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 aflame | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 oaks | det |
| 41 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 oaks | amod |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 red | punct |
| 43 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 aflame | nsubj |
| 44 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 border | det |
| 45 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 oaks | nmod |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 lea | det |
| 47 | lea | lea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 border | appos |
| 48 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 aflame | cop |
| 49 | aflame | aflame | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 red | conj |
| 50 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 fire | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 fire | det |
| 52 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 aflame | obl |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 sunset | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 sunset | det |
| 55 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 fire | nmod |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 fields | punct |
| 57 | From | from | ADP | _ | 61 fields | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 fields | det |
| 59 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 fields | amod |
| 60 | waving | wave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 61 fields | amod |
| 61 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 aflame | conj |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 rice | case |
| 63 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 rice | amod |
| 64 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 63 wild | punct |
| 65 | rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 fields | nmod |
| 66 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 69 meadows | punct |
| 67 | from | from | ADP | _ | 69 meadows | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 meadows | det |
| 69 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 red | conj |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 Psin | case |
| 71 | Psin | Psin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 79 dan | obl |
| 72 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 71 Psin | punct |
| 73 | ta | ta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 dan | nsubj |
| 74 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 73 ta | punct |
| 75 | wak | wak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 dan | compound |
| 76 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 77 pá | punct |
| 77 | pá | pá | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 dan | compound |
| 78 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 77 pá | punct |
| 79 | dan | dan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 meadows | nmod |
| 80 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 82 a | punct |
| 81 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 82 a | punct |
| 82 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 79 dan | appos |
| 83 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 90 rejoice | punct |
| 84 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 90 rejoice | advmod |
| 85 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 geese | det |
| 86 | geese | goose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 90 rejoice | nsubj |
| 87 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 89 mallards | cc |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 mallards | det |
| 89 | mallards | mallard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 geese | conj |
| 90 | rejoice | rejoice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 82 a | parataxis |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 93 grow | punct |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 93 grow | cc |
| 93 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 90 rejoice | conj |
| 94 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 grow | obj |
| 95 | on | on | ADP | _ | 98 harvest | case |
| 96 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 98 harvest | det |
| 97 | bountiful | bountiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 98 harvest | amod |
| 98 | harvest | harvest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 Came | obl |
| 99 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 harvest | punct |
| 100 | Came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 93 grow | parataxis |
| 101 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 102 hunters | det |
| 102 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 100 Came | obj |
| 103 | with | with | ADP | _ | 104 saddles | case |
| 104 | saddles | saddle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 100 Came | obl |
| 105 | of | of | ADP | _ | 106 moose | case |
| 106 | moose | moose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 saddles | nmod |
| 107 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 109 flesh | cc |
| 108 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 109 flesh | det |
| 109 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 106 moose | conj |
| 110 | of | of | ADP | _ | 112 bear | case |
| 111 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 112 bear | det |
| 112 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 109 flesh | nmod |
| 113 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 115 bison | cc |
| 114 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 115 bison | det |
| 115 | bison | bison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 bear | conj |
| 116 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 124 laden | punct |
| 117 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 124 laden | cc |
| 118 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 119 women | det |
| 119 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 124 laden | nsubj |
| 120 | in | in | ADP | _ | 122 canoes | case |
| 121 | birchen | birchen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 122 canoes | amod |
| 122 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 119 women | nmod |
| 123 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 124 laden | advmod |
| 124 | laden | laden | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 100 Came | conj |
| 125 | with | with | ADP | _ | 126 rice | case |
| 126 | rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 124 laden | obl |
| 127 | from | from | ADP | _ | 129 meadows | case |
| 128 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 129 meadows | det |
| 129 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 140 came | obl |
| 130 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 136 hunters | punct |
| 131 | With | with | ADP | _ | 136 hunters | case |
| 132 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 136 hunters | det |
| 133 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 136 hunters | amod |
| 134 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 133 tall | punct |
| 135 | dusky | dusky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 136 hunters | amod |
| 136 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 129 meadows | nmod |
| 137 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 138 behold | punct |
| 138 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 136 hunters | discourse |
| 139 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 138 behold | punct |
| 140 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 124 laden | parataxis |
| 141 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 143 man | det |
| 142 | marvelous | marvelous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 143 man | amod |
| 143 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 140 came | obl |
| 144 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 146 spirit | cc |
| 145 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 146 spirit | det |
| 146 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 143 man | conj |
| 147 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 150 faced | punct |
| 148 | White | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 150 faced | amod |
| 149 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 148 White | punct |
| 150 | faced | faced | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 143 man | parataxis |
| 151 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 153 wrinkled | cc |
| 152 | so | so | ADV | _ | 153 wrinkled | advmod |
| 153 | wrinkled | wrinkle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 150 faced | conj |
| 154 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 155 old | cc |
| 155 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 153 wrinkled | conj |
| 156 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 158 clad | punct |
| 157 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 158 clad | cc |
| 158 | clad | clad | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 140 came | conj |
| 159 | in | in | ADP | _ | 161 robe | case |
| 160 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 161 robe | det |
| 161 | robe | robe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 158 clad | obl |
| 162 | of | of | ADP | _ | 164 raven | case |
| 163 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 164 raven | det |
| 164 | raven | raven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 161 robe | nmod |
| 165 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hue | past | the golden | Wázu pe weé and the moon | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | gather | present · passive | the wild rice | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | present | the leaves on the tall sugar tree | as the breast of the robin; the meadows conj; red property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the red oaks that border | with the fire of the sunset; the wide waving fields of wild rice conj; aflame property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | wave | gerund | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | dan | ta | of Psin | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | rejoice | present | the geese and the mallards | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | grow | present | the geese and the mallards not said here | fat | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fat=Theme | ||||
| 9 | come | past | the hunters | the bountiful harvest | with saddles of moose and the flesh of the bear and the bison | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hunter=Theme | |||
| 10 | laden | present | the women in birchen canoes | with rice; well property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | come | past | a marvelous man or a spirit | the meadows with the tall dusky hunters | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from meadow=Initial_Location | ||||
| 12 | wrinkle | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 13 | clad | past | the robe of the raven | tree rules | |||||
| 14 | fire | the sunset | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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