Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3, sentence 66
But hark!--on the river a song, --strange voices commingled in chorus; On the current a boat swept along with DuLuth and his hardy companions; To the stroke of their paddles they sung, and this the refrain that they chanted:
Who acts: boat, songs · What happens: commingle, sweep along, sing, chant, stroke · To what, where: strange voices, chorus, current, paddles, hark
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boat, songs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 2 hark | cc |
| 2 | hark | hark | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 hark | punct |
| 4 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 7 river | punct |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 river | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 river | det |
| 7 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hark | appos |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 song | det |
| 9 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 river | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 voices | punct |
| 11 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 13 voices | punct |
| 12 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 voices | amod |
| 13 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 river | conj |
| 14 | commingled | commingle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 voices | acl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 chorus | case |
| 16 | chorus | chorus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 commingled | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 current | punct |
| 18 | On | on | ADP | _ | 20 current | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 current | det |
| 20 | current | current | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hark | conj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 boat | det |
| 22 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 swept | nsubj |
| 23 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 current | acl:relcl |
| 24 | along | along | ADV | _ | 23 swept | advmod |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 DuLuth | case |
| 26 | DuLuth | DuLuth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 swept | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 companions | cc |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 companions | nmod:poss |
| 29 | hardy | hardy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 companions | amod |
| 30 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 DuLuth | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 stroke | punct |
| 32 | To | to | ADP | _ | 34 stroke | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 stroke | det |
| 34 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hark | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 paddles | case |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 paddles | nmod:poss |
| 37 | paddles | paddle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 stroke | nmod |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 sung | nsubj |
| 39 | sung | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 paddles | acl:relcl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 refrain | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 refrain | cc |
| 42 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 44 refrain | det |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 refrain | det |
| 44 | refrain | refrain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 stroke | conj |
| 45 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 chanted | mark |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 chanted | nsubj |
| 47 | chanted | chant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 refrain | advcl |
| 48 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 hark | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commingle | participle | strange voices not said here | chorus | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | sweep along | past | a boat | the current not said here | with DuLuth and Island's hardy companions; along property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location current=Theme | |||
| 3 | sing speech: express | past | songs = song | songs's paddles not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location paddle=Theme | ||||
| 4 | chant | past | songs = song | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | stroke | songs's paddles | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/10/66/