Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7, sentence 17
The aged chief opened his ears; in his heart he already consented; But the moans of his child and her tears touched the age-softened heart of the father, And he said, "I am burdened with years, --I am bent by the snows of my winters; Ta-té-psin will die in his tee; let him pass to the Land of the Spirits; But Winona is young; she is free, and her own heart shall choose her a husband."
Who acts: aged chief, Tamdóka, moans, snows, Ta té psin, Winona · What happens: open, consent, touch, soften, say, burden · To what, where: ears, heart, softened heart, Tamdóka, Land, husband · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aged chief, Tamdóka, moans, snows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 2 | aged | aged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chief | amod |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 ears | nmod:poss |
| 6 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 opened | obj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 consented | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 heart | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 heart | nmod:poss |
| 10 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 consented | obl |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 consented | nsubj |
| 12 | already | already | ADV | _ | 13 consented | advmod |
| 13 | consented | consent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 opened | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 touched | punct |
| 15 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 touched | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 moans | det |
| 17 | moans | moan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 touched | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 child | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 child | nmod:poss |
| 20 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 moans | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 tears | cc |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 tears | nmod:poss |
| 23 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 child | conj |
| 24 | touched | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 opened | parataxis |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 heart | det |
| 26 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 softened | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 age | punct |
| 28 | softened | soften | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 heart | amod |
| 29 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 touched | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 father | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 father | det |
| 32 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 heart | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 said | punct |
| 34 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 said | cc |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 said | nsubj |
| 36 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 touched | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 burdened | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 burdened | punct |
| 39 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 burdened | nsubj |
| 40 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 burdened | aux:pass |
| 41 | burdened | burden | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 said | ccomp |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 years | case |
| 43 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 burdened | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 bent | punct |
| 45 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 48 bent | punct |
| 46 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 48 bent | nsubj |
| 47 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 bent | aux:pass |
| 48 | bent | bend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 burdened | conj |
| 49 | by | by | ADP | _ | 51 snows | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 snows | det |
| 51 | snows | snow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 bent | obl |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 winters | case |
| 53 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 54 winters | nmod:poss |
| 54 | winters | winter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 snows | nmod |
| 55 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 62 die | punct |
| 56 | Ta | Ta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 psin | compound |
| 57 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 56 Ta | punct |
| 58 | té | té | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 psin | compound |
| 59 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 58 té | punct |
| 60 | psin | psin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 die | nsubj |
| 61 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 62 die | aux |
| 62 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 opened | conj |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 tee | case |
| 64 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 tee | nmod:poss |
| 65 | tee | tee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 die | obl |
| 66 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 67 let | punct |
| 67 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 62 die | parataxis |
| 68 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 let | obj |
| 69 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 let | xcomp |
| 70 | to | to | ADP | _ | 72 Land | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 Land | det |
| 72 | Land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 pass | obl |
| 73 | of | of | ADP | _ | 75 Spirits | case |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 Spirits | det |
| 75 | Spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 Land | nmod |
| 76 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 80 young | punct |
| 77 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 80 young | cc |
| 78 | Winona | Winona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 80 young | nsubj |
| 79 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 80 young | cop |
| 80 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 let | parataxis |
| 81 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 84 free | punct |
| 82 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 84 free | nsubj |
| 83 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 84 free | cop |
| 84 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 opened | parataxis |
| 85 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 choose | punct |
| 86 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 91 choose | cc |
| 87 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 89 heart | nmod:poss |
| 88 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 89 heart | amod |
| 89 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 choose | nsubj |
| 90 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 91 choose | aux |
| 91 | choose | choose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 84 free | parataxis |
| 92 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 91 choose | obj |
| 93 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 94 husband | det |
| 94 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 choose | obj |
| 95 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 84 free | punct |
| 96 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | the aged chief | Tamdóka's ears | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | consent | past | Tamdóka | Tamdóka's heart | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | touch | past | the moans of Tamdóka's child and bear's tears | the softened heart of the father | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme heart=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | soften | participle | age | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Tamdóka | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | burden in a quote | present · passive | Tamdóka | year | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | bend in a quote | present · passive | the snows of my winters | Tamdóka | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent subject=Material | ||||
| 8 | die in a quote | future | Ta té psin | in Tamdóka's tee | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in tee=Attribute | ||||
| 9 | let in a quote | infinitive | Tamdóka | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | pass in a quote | infinitive | Tamdóka not said here | the Land of the Spirits | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to land=Initial_Location | ||||
| 11 | is in a quote | present | Winona | young property | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | is in a quote | present | Winona | free property | tree rules | ||||
| 13 | choose in a quote | shall | Winona's own heart | a husband | Winona | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary husband=Theme | |||
| 14 | moan | Tamdóka's child and bear's tears | nom moan «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 15 | snow in a quote | my winters | nom snow «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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