Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7, sentence 6
From his frost-covered beard issued forth the sharp-biting, shrill-whistling North-wind; At the touch of his breath the wide earth turned to stone, and the lakes and the rivers; From his nostrils the white vapors rose, and they covered the sky like a blanket.
Who acts: white vapors, vapors · What happens: cover, issue, bite, whistle, turn, rise · To what, where: covered beard, wide earth, stone, nostrils, sky, breath
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white vapors, vapors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 6 beard | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 beard | nmod:poss |
| 3 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 covered | compound |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 frost | punct |
| 5 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 beard | amod |
| 6 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 beard | acl |
| 8 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 7 issued | advmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 wind | det |
| 10 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 wind | amod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 sharp | punct |
| 12 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 wind | csubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 whistling | punct |
| 14 | shrill | shrill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 whistling | amod |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 shrill | punct |
| 16 | whistling | whistle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 wind | amod |
| 17 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 wind | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 North | punct |
| 19 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 issued | obl:agent |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 touch | punct |
| 21 | At | at | ADP | _ | 23 touch | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 touch | det |
| 23 | touch | touch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 beard | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 breath | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 breath | nmod:poss |
| 26 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 touch | nmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 earth | det |
| 28 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 earth | amod |
| 29 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 touch | nmod |
| 30 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 earth | acl |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 stone | case |
| 32 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 turned | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 lakes | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 lakes | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 lakes | det |
| 36 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 touch | conj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 rivers | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 rivers | det |
| 39 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 lakes | conj |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 rose | punct |
| 41 | From | from | ADP | _ | 43 nostrils | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 43 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 rose | obl |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 vapors | det |
| 45 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 vapors | amod |
| 46 | vapors | vapor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 rose | nsubj |
| 47 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 touch | parataxis |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 covered | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 covered | cc |
| 50 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 covered | nsubj |
| 51 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 rose | conj |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 sky | det |
| 53 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 covered | obj |
| 54 | like | like | ADP | _ | 56 blanket | case |
| 55 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 56 blanket | det |
| 56 | blanket | blanket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 covered | obl |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 beard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | participle | frost compound | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | issue | participle | Wazíya's covered beard and the touch of Wazíya's breath the wide earth and the lakes and the rivers not said here | the sharp whistling North wind obl:agent; forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bite | gerund | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | whistle | gerund | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | turn | participle | the wide earth not said here | stone | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | rise | past | the white vapors | Wazíya's nostrils | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from nostril=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | cover | past | vapors = vapor | the sky | like a blanket | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sky=Destination | |||
| 9 | touch | Wazíya's breath | nom touch «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/14/6/