Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 36
Saw he not the bear or beaver, Saw he not the elk or roebuck; From his path the red fawn scampered, But no arrow followed after; From his den the sly wolf listened, But no twang of bow-string heard he.
Who acts: Sullen, sly wolf, red fawn · What happens: not see, bear, elk, scamper, follow, listen · To what, where: red fawn, arrow, Sullen, path, bow string · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sullen, sly wolf, red fawn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 bear | nsubj |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 Saw | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bear | det |
| 5 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Saw | ccomp |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 beaver | cc |
| 7 | beaver | beaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bear | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Saw | punct |
| 9 | Saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Saw | parataxis |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 elk | nsubj |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 Saw | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 elk | det |
| 13 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Saw | obj |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 roebuck | cc |
| 15 | roebuck | roebuck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 elk | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 heard | punct |
| 17 | From | from | ADP | _ | 19 path | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 path | nmod:poss |
| 19 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 heard | obl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 fawn | det |
| 21 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 fawn | amod |
| 22 | fawn | fawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 heard | nsubj |
| 23 | scampered | scamper | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 fawn | acl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 heard | punct |
| 25 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 heard | cc |
| 26 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 27 arrow | det |
| 27 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 heard | nsubj |
| 28 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 arrow | acl |
| 29 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 37 listened | mark |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 listened | punct |
| 31 | From | from | ADP | _ | 33 den | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 den | nmod:poss |
| 33 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 listened | obl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 wolf | det |
| 35 | sly | sly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 wolf | amod |
| 36 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 listened | nsubj |
| 37 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 followed | advcl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 heard | punct |
| 39 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 heard | cc |
| 40 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 41 twang | det |
| 41 | twang | twang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 heard | nsubj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 string | case |
| 43 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 string | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 bow | punct |
| 45 | string | string | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 twang | nmod |
| 46 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Saw | conj |
| 47 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 heard | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not see | past | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | bear | Sullen | beaver conj | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | not see | past | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | elk | Sullen | roebuck conj | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | scamper | participle | the red fawn not said here | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | follow | participle | no arrow not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | listen | past | the sly wolf | from Sullen's den | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from den=Theme | ||||
| 8 | hear | past | the red fawn | Sullen | Sullen's path | no arrow nsubj; no twang of bow string nsubj | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent he=Topic from path=Source | ||
| 9 | twang | bow string | nom twang «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/18/36/