Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 69
On the rocks of Gitchee Gumee-- On the Pictured Rocks--the Legend Long ago was traced and written, Pictured by the Water Spirits; But the storms of many winters Have bedimmed the pictured story, So that none can read the legend But the Jossakeeds, the prophets.
Who acts: storms, none, many winters · What happens: picture, trace, write, bedim, read, storm · To what, where: Legend Long, pictured story, legend, rocks
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storms, none, many winters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 rocks | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 rocks | det |
| 3 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Gitchee | case |
| 5 | Gitchee | Gitchee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 rocks | nmod |
| 6 | Gumee | Gumee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Gitchee | flat |
| 7 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 11 Rocks | punct |
| 8 | On | on | ADP | _ | 11 Rocks | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Rocks | det |
| 10 | Pictured | picture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 Rocks | amod |
| 11 | Rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rocks | conj |
| 12 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 18 traced | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Long | det |
| 14 | Legend | Legend | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Long | compound |
| 15 | Long | Long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 traced | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 18 traced | advmod |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 traced | aux:pass |
| 18 | traced | trace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 Rocks | parataxis |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 written | cc |
| 20 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 traced | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Pictured | punct |
| 22 | Pictured | picture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 traced | conj |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 Spirits | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Spirits | det |
| 25 | Water | Water | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Spirits | compound |
| 26 | Spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 Pictured | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 bedimmed | punct |
| 28 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 bedimmed | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 storms | det |
| 30 | storms | storm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 bedimmed | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 winters | case |
| 32 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 winters | amod |
| 33 | winters | winter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 storms | nmod |
| 34 | Have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 bedimmed | aux |
| 35 | bedimmed | bedim | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 rocks | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 story | det |
| 37 | pictured | picture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 story | amod |
| 38 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bedimmed | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 read | punct |
| 40 | So | so | ADV | _ | 44 read | advmod |
| 41 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 44 read | mark |
| 42 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 44 read | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 read | aux |
| 44 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 bedimmed | advcl |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 legend | det |
| 46 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 read | obj |
| 47 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 49 Jossakeeds | cc |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Jossakeeds | det |
| 49 | Jossakeeds | Jossakeed | PROPN | Number=Plur | 46 legend | conj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 prophets | punct |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 prophets | det |
| 52 | prophets | prophet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 legend | conj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rocks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | participle | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | trace | past · passive | the Legend Long | ago property | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | write | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | picture | participle | by the Water Spirits | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | bedim | present · perfect | the storms of many winters | the pictured story | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | picture | participle | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | read | can | none | the legend but the Jossakeeds and the prophets | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent legend=Topic | ||||
| 9 | storm | many winters | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/19/69/