Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 8
Then she bantered Sea-Gull, saying, "See!--I swing above the billows!
Who acts: crow · What happens: banter, say, see, swing · To what, where: Sea, billows · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 bantered | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 bantered | nsubj |
| 3 | bantered | banter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bantered | obj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 Gull | punct |
| 6 | Gull | Gull | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Sea | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 saying | punct |
| 8 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 bantered | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 See | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 See | punct |
| 11 | See | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 saying | ccomp |
| 12 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 11 See | punct |
| 13 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 15 swing | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 swing | nsubj |
| 15 | swing | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 bantered | conj |
| 16 | above | above | ADP | _ | 18 billows | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 billows | det |
| 18 | billows | billow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 swing | obl |
| 19 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 bantered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | banter | past | crow | Sea and Gull | then | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: express | gerund | crow not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | see in a quote | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | swing in a quote | present | crow | the billows | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme above billow=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/19/8/