Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 88
On hill and dale the cities pour their gay and fair; Along the sapphire lake they sail, and quaff like wine the balmy air.
Who acts: cities · What happens: pour, sail · To what, where: gay, hill, quaff, sapphire lake
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 hill | case |
| 2 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pour | obl |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 dale | cc |
| 4 | dale | dale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hill | conj |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 cities | det |
| 6 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pour | nsubj |
| 7 | pour | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 gay | nmod:poss |
| 9 | gay | gay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pour | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 fair | cc |
| 11 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 gay | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 sail | punct |
| 13 | Along | along | ADP | _ | 16 lake | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 lake | det |
| 15 | sapphire | sapphire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lake | compound |
| 16 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sail | obl |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sail | nsubj |
| 18 | sail | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 pour | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 quaff | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 quaff | cc |
| 21 | quaff | quaff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sail | obl |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 wine | case |
| 23 | wine | wine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 quaff | nmod |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 air | det |
| 25 | balmy | balmy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 air | amod |
| 26 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sail | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pour | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pour | present | the cities | cities's gay | hill and dale | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gay=Patient | |||
| 2 | sail | present | cities = city | quaff like wine | the sapphire lake | the balmy air obl | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along lake=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/19/88/