Legends of the Northwest, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior., sentence 17
More than a century ago an English trader was killed at Mendota, because he persisted, after repeated warnings by the chiefs, in dealing out _mini-wakan_ (Devil-water) to the Dakota braves.
Who acts: Mendota, chiefs · What happens: kill, persist, repeat, deal out, warn · To what, where: English trader, Mendota, repeated warnings, mini wakan, Dakota braves
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mendota, chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | More | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 ago | advmod |
| 2 | than | than | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 More | obl |
| 5 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 10 killed | advmod |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 trader | det |
| 7 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 trader | amod |
| 8 | trader | trader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 killed | aux:pass |
| 10 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 Mendota | case |
| 12 | Mendota | Mendota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 persisted | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 persisted | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 persisted | nsubj |
| 16 | persisted | persist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 killed | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 warnings | punct |
| 18 | after | after | ADP | _ | 20 warnings | case |
| 19 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 warnings | amod |
| 20 | warnings | warning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 persisted | obj |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 chiefs | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 chiefs | det |
| 23 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 warnings | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 dealing | punct |
| 25 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 26 dealing | mark |
| 26 | dealing | deal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 persisted | advcl |
| 27 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 dealing | compound:prt |
| 28 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 31 wakan | punct |
| 29 | mini | mini | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 wakan | amod |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 mini | punct |
| 31 | wakan | wakan | X | Foreign=Yes | 26 dealing | obj |
| 32 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 31 wakan | punct |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 water | punct |
| 34 | Devil | Devil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 water | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 Devil | punct |
| 36 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 wakan | appos |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 water | punct |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 braves | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 braves | det |
| 40 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 braves | compound |
| 41 | braves | brave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 dealing | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | past · passive | a English trader | Mendota | ago property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | persist | past | Mendota | repeated warnings | by the chiefs | tree rules | |||
| 3 | repeat | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | deal out | gerund | Mendota not said here | mini wakan | the Dakota braves | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent wakan=Theme to brave=Recipient | |||
| 5 | warn | the chiefs | nom warning «communication transitive»: by=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/2/17/