Legends of the Northwest, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior., sentence 33
In my studies for these Legends I have been greatly aided by Rev. S. R. Riggs, author of the Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota language, "Tah-Koo Wah-Kan," &c., and for many years a missionary among the Dakotas.
Who acts: Rev. S. R., my · What happens: aid, study · To what, where: I, Tah Koo
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rev. S. R., my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 studies | case |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 studies | nmod:poss |
| 3 | studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 Koo | obl |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 Legends | case |
| 5 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 6 Legends | det |
| 6 | Legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 studies | nmod |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 aided | nsubj |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 aided | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 aided | aux:pass |
| 10 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 11 aided | advmod |
| 11 | aided | aid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 Legends | acl:relcl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 R. | case |
| 13 | Rev. | Rev. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 R. | compound |
| 14 | S. | S. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 R. | compound |
| 15 | R. | R. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 aided | obl |
| 16 | Riggs | Riggs | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 R. | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 author | punct |
| 18 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 R. | appos |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Grammar | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Grammar | det |
| 21 | Grammar | Grammar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 author | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Dictionary | cc |
| 23 | Dictionary | Dictionary | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Grammar | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 language | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 language | det |
| 26 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 language | compound |
| 27 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Dictionary | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 studies | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 Koo | punct |
| 30 | Tah | Tah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Koo | compound |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 Tah | punct |
| 32 | Koo | Koo | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 33 | Wah | Wah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Koo | flat |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 Kan | punct |
| 35 | Kan | Kan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Koo | flat |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 c. | punct |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 c. | punct |
| 38 | & | & | CCONJ | _ | 39 c. | cc |
| 39 | c. | c. | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 Koo | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 years | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 years | cc |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 years | case |
| 43 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 years | amod |
| 44 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 Koo | parataxis |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 missionary | det |
| 46 | missionary | missionary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 years | appos |
| 47 | among | among | ADP | _ | 49 Dakotas | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Dakotas | det |
| 49 | Dakotas | dakota | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 missionary | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 32 Koo | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aid | present · perfect · passive | Rev. S. R. | I | greatly property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | study | my | for this Legends | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent for=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/2/33/