Legends of the Northwest, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior., sentence 88
At times I have been on the point of abandoning it in despair, but after having been under the hammer and the file, at intervals for the last four years, _Winona_ is at last _done_, if not finished.
Who acts: I, point · What happens: be, abandon, have, do, not finish · To what, where: point, despair, intervals, hammer, last _
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, point), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 times | case |
| 2 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 point | obl |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 point | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 point | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 point | cop |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 point | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 point | det |
| 8 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 10 abandoning | mark |
| 10 | abandoning | abandon | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 point | acl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 abandoning | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 despair | case |
| 13 | despair | despair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 abandoning | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 _ | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 _ | cc |
| 16 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 17 having | mark |
| 17 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 _ | advcl |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 hammer | cop |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 21 hammer | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 hammer | det |
| 21 | hammer | hammer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 having | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 file | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 file | det |
| 24 | file | file | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hammer | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 intervals | punct |
| 26 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 intervals | case |
| 27 | intervals | interval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 having | obl |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 years | det |
| 30 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 years | amod |
| 31 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 years | nummod |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 having | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 having | punct |
| 34 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 having | punct |
| 35 | Winona | Winona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 having | xcomp |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 having | punct |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 _ | cop |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 _ | case |
| 39 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 _ | amod |
| 40 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 point | appos |
| 41 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 _ | acl |
| 42 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 41 done | punct |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 finished | punct |
| 44 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 46 finished | mark |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 finished | advmod |
| 46 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 done | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 point | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present · perfect | I | the point | time | tree rules | |||
| 2 | abandon | gerund | the point not said here | point | despair | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme it=Source | |||
| 3 | have | gerund | intervals | year | Winona xcomp | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | is | participle | the hammer and the file | the file conj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | present | last _ | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | do | participle | last _ not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | not finish a condition, not said to happen | participle | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/2/88/