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Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 115

[Footnote 32: The Dakotas believe that thunder is produced by the flapping of the wings of an immense bird which they call Wakínyan--the Thunder-bird.

Who acts: Dakotas, flapping · What happens: believe, produce, call, flap · To what, where: Footnote, thunder, immense bird, wings · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, flapping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

punctflatpunctdetnsubjacl:relclmarknsubj:passaux:passccompcasedetoblcasedetnmodcasedetamodnmodobjnsubjacl:relclxcomppunctdetcompoundpunctconjpunctroot[PUNCTFootnoteNOUN32NUM:PUNCTTheDETDakotasNOUNbelieveVERBthatSCONJthunderNOUNisAUXproducedVERBbyADPtheDETflappingNOUNofADPtheDETwingsNOUNofADPanDETimmenseADJbirdNOUNwhichPRONtheyPRONcallVERBWakínyanPROPN--PUNCTtheDETThunderPROPN-PUNCTbirdNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1[[PUNCT_2 Footnotepunct
2FootnotefootnoteNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
33232NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card2 Footnoteflat
4::PUNCT_7 believepunct
5ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 Dakotasdet
6DakotasdakotaNOUNNumber=Plur7 believensubj
7believebelieveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin2 Footnoteacl:relcl
8thatthatSCONJ_11 producedmark
9thunderthunderNOUNNumber=Sing11 producednsubj:pass
10isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin11 producedaux:pass
11producedproduceVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass7 believeccomp
12bybyADP_14 flappingcase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 flappingdet
14flappingflappingNOUNNumber=Sing11 producedobl
15ofofADP_17 wingscase
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 wingsdet
17wingswingNOUNNumber=Plur14 flappingnmod
18ofofADP_21 birdcase
19anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art21 birddet
20immenseimmenseADJDegree=Pos21 birdamod
21birdbirdNOUNNumber=Sing17 wingsnmod
22whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel24 callobj
23theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs24 callnsubj
24callcallVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin21 birdacl:relcl
25WakínyanWakínyanPROPNNumber=Sing24 callxcomp
26----PUNCT_30 birdpunct
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 birddet
28ThunderThunderPROPNNumber=Sing30 birdcompound
29--PUNCT_28 Thunderpunct
30birdbirdNOUNNumber=Sing2 Footnoteconj
31..PUNCT_2 Footnotepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1believepresentthe DakotasFootnote and the Thunder bird not said heretree rules
2producepresent · passivethe flapping of the wings of a immense birdthundervn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
3callpresentDakotas = dakotaa immense birdWakínyan xcompvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient
5flapthe wings of a immense birdnom flapping «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/115/