Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 146

I found in this cave many Indian hieroglyphics, which appeared very ancient, for time had nearly covered them with moss, so that it was with difficulty I could trace them.

Who acts: I, many Indian hieroglyphics, pebble · What happens: find, appear, cover, be, trace · To what, where: cave, time, hieroglyphics

This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, many Indian hieroglyphics, pebble), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 cave	case
4	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 cave	det
5	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hieroglyphics	amod
7	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hieroglyphics	amod
8	hieroglyphics	hieroglyphic	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 appeared	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 appeared	punct
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 appeared	nsubj
11	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 found	parataxis
12	very	very	ADV	_	13 ancient	advmod
13	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 appeared	xcomp
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 covered	punct
15	for	for	SCONJ	_	19 covered	mark
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 covered	nsubj:pass
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 covered	aux
18	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	19 covered	advmod
19	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 appeared	conj
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 covered	obj
21	with	with	ADP	_	22 moss	case
22	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 covered	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 difficulty	punct
24	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	29 difficulty	mark
25	that	that	SCONJ	_	24 so	fixed
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 difficulty	nsubj
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 difficulty	cop
28	with	with	ADP	_	29 difficulty	case
29	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 covered	parataxis
30	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	32 trace	nsubj
31	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 trace	aux
32	trace	trace	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 difficulty	acl:relcl
33	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 trace	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	find	past	I		this cave		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	appear	past	many Indian hieroglyphics			which nsubj; ancient property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	cover	past · perfect · passive		time		with moss; hieroglyphics = hieroglyphic obj; nearly property	tree rules
4	is	past	pebble			with difficulty	tree rules
5	trace	could	I	hieroglyphics = hieroglyphic			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/146/

🌲 Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 146

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 146