Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 150
Many years ago the roof fell in, but the cave has been partially restored and is now used as a beer cellar.]
Who acts: roof · What happens: fall in, restore, use · To what, where: cave
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (roof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 years | amod |
| 2 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 6 fell | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 roof | det |
| 5 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fell | nsubj |
| 6 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADV | _ | 6 fell | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 restored | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 restored | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cave | det |
| 11 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 restored | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 restored | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 restored | aux:pass |
| 14 | partially | partially | ADV | _ | 15 restored | advmod |
| 15 | restored | restore | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 fell | parataxis |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 used | cc |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 used | aux:pass |
| 18 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 used | advmod |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 restored | conj |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 cellar | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 cellar | det |
| 22 | beer | beer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cellar | compound |
| 23 | cellar | cellar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 used | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 fell | punct |
| 25 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 6 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall in | past | the roof | ago property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | restore | present · perfect · passive | the cave | partially property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | use | present · passive | now | as a beer cellar | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/150/