Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 167
I have seen the prairies in Minnesota spangled with these beautiful flowers in various colors before the ground was entirely free from frost.
Who acts: I, prairies, ground · What happens: see, spangle, be · To what, where: various colors, frost · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, prairies, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 seen | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | aux |
| 3 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 prairies | det |
| 5 | prairies | prairie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 spangled | nsubj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Minnesota | case |
| 7 | Minnesota | Minnesota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 prairies | nmod |
| 8 | spangled | spangle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | ccomp |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 flowers | case |
| 10 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 flowers | det |
| 11 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 flowers | amod |
| 12 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 spangled | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 colors | case |
| 14 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 colors | amod |
| 15 | colors | color | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 flowers | nmod |
| 16 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 21 free | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ground | det |
| 18 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 free | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 free | cop |
| 20 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 21 free | advmod |
| 21 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 colors | acl |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 frost | case |
| 23 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 free | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · perfect | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | spangle | past | the prairies in Minnesota | with this beautiful flowers in various colors | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the ground | various colors not said here | frost | entirely, free property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/167/