Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 26
Ta-ó-ya-te-dú-ta, the last of the Little Crows, was killed July 3, 1863, near Hutchinson, Minnesota, by one Lamson, and his bones were duly "done up" for the Historical Society of Minnesota.
Who acts: one Lamson, bones · What happens: kill, be, do up · To what, where: 3, Hutchinson, te dú ta
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one Lamson, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ta | Ta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 ta | nsubj |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ta | punct |
| 3 | ó | ó | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ta | appos |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 ó | punct |
| 5 | ya | ya | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ta | appos |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 ya | punct |
| 7 | te | te | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ta | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 te | punct |
| 9 | dú | dú | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ta | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 ta | punct |
| 11 | ta | ta | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 last | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 last | det |
| 14 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 ta | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Crows | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Crows | det |
| 17 | Little | Little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Crows | amod |
| 18 | Crows | Crow | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 last | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 killed | punct |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 killed | aux:pass |
| 21 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 ta | acl |
| 22 | July | July | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 3 | nmod:unmarked |
| 23 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 killed | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 3 | punct |
| 25 | 1863 | 1863 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 3 | flat |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Hutchinson | punct |
| 27 | near | near | ADP | _ | 28 Hutchinson | case |
| 28 | Hutchinson | Hutchinson | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 killed | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Minnesota | punct |
| 30 | Minnesota | Minnesota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Hutchinson | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 Lamson | punct |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 Lamson | case |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 Lamson | nummod |
| 34 | Lamson | Lamson | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 killed | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 duly | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 duly | cc |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 bones | nmod:poss |
| 38 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 duly | nsubj |
| 39 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 duly | cop |
| 40 | duly | duly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 ta | parataxis |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 done | punct |
| 42 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 duly | conj |
| 43 | up | up | ADP | _ | 42 done | compound:prt |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 done | punct |
| 45 | for | for | ADP | _ | 48 Society | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Society | det |
| 47 | Historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 Society | amod |
| 48 | Society | Society | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 done | obl:agent |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 Minnesota | case |
| 50 | Minnesota | Minnesota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Society | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 ta | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | past · passive | one Lamson | 3 July | Hutchinson | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | is | past | Lamson's bones | duly property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | do up in a quote | participle | Lamson's bones not said here | the Historical Society of Minnesota obl:agent | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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