Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 72
It is said that the "Medicine-men" use a secret preparation which enables them to handle fire and dip their hands in boiling water without injury, and thereby gain great _eclat_ from the uninitiated.
Who acts: Medicine men, secret preparation, Dakotas · What happens: say, use, enable, handle, dip, boil · To what, where: Wacípee, secret preparation, Dakotas, fire, hands, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Medicine men, secret preparation, Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | aux:pass |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 use | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 men | det |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 men | punct |
| 7 | Medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 men | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 Medicine | punct |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 use | nsubj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 men | punct |
| 11 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 preparation | det |
| 13 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 preparation | amod |
| 14 | preparation | preparation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 use | obj |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 enables | nsubj |
| 16 | enables | enable | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 preparation | acl:relcl |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 enables | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 handle | mark |
| 19 | handle | handle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 enables | xcomp |
| 20 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 handle | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 dip | cc |
| 22 | dip | dip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 use | conj |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hands | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dip | obj |
| 25 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 26 boiling | mark |
| 26 | boiling | boil | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 dip | advcl |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 boiling | obj |
| 28 | without | without | ADP | _ | 29 injury | case |
| 29 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 boiling | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 gain | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 gain | cc |
| 32 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 33 gain | advmod |
| 33 | gain | gain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 34 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 eclat | amod |
| 35 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 34 great | punct |
| 36 | eclat | eclat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 gain | obj |
| 37 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 uninitiated | punct |
| 38 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 40 uninitiated | mark |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 uninitiated | det |
| 40 | uninitiated | uninitiate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 eclat | acl:relcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · passive | Wacípee | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | use | present | the Medicine men | a secret preparation | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preparation=Patient | ||||
| 3 | enable | present | a secret preparation | Dakotas = dakota | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | handle | to-infinitive | Dakotas = dakota not said here | fire | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme | ||||
| 5 | dip | present | the Medicine men not said here | Dakotas's hands | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme | ||||
| 6 | boil | gerund | the Medicine men not said here | water | without injury | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient | |||
| 7 | gain | present | great eclat | thereby property | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eclat=Theme | ||||
| 8 | uninitiate | participle | great eclat not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/72/