Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 136
Each stone is painted black on one side and red on the other; on one side they grave certain figures which make the stones "Wakan."
Who acts: stone, certain figures · What happens: paint, grave, make · To what, where: stone, one side, certain figures, stones
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, certain figures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 stone | det |
| 2 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 painted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 painted | aux:pass |
| 4 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 painted | xcomp |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 side | case |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 side | nummod |
| 8 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 painted | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 red | cc |
| 10 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 painted | conj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 other | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 other | det |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 painted | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 grave | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 side | case |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 side | nummod |
| 17 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 grave | obl |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 grave | nsubj |
| 19 | grave | grave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 painted | parataxis |
| 20 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 figures | amod |
| 21 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 grave | obj |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 make | nsubj |
| 23 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 figures | acl:relcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 stones | det |
| 25 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 make | obj |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 Wakan | punct |
| 27 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 make | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 grave | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 painted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | paint | present · passive | each stone | one side | on the other; black property | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on side=Destination | |||
| 2 | grave | present | stone | certain figures | one side | tree rules | |||
| 3 | make | present | certain figures | the stones | Wakan obl | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stone=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/136/