Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 5, sentence 48
This was the principal village of the Isantee band of Dakotas two hundred years ago, and was located at the Falls of St. Anthony, which the Dakotas called the _Ha-ha_--pronounced _Rhah-rhah_--the _loud, laughing waters_.
Who acts: This, Dakotas · What happens: be, locate, call, pronounce, laugh · To what, where: principal village, Falls, Anthony, Rhah rhah, waters · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 village | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 village | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 village | det |
| 4 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 village | amod |
| 5 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 band | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 band | det |
| 8 | Isantee | Isantee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 band | compound |
| 9 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 village | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Dakotas | case |
| 11 | Dakotas | Dakotas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 band | nmod |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 hundred | compound |
| 13 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 years | nummod |
| 14 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 band | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 located | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 located | cc |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 located | aux:pass |
| 19 | located | locate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 village | acl |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 Falls | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Falls | det |
| 22 | Falls | Falls | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 located | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Anthony | case |
| 24 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Anthony | nmod:desc |
| 25 | Anthony | Anthony | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Falls | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 called | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 called | obj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Dakotas | det |
| 29 | Dakotas | Dakotas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 called | nsubj |
| 30 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 Anthony | acl:relcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 _ | det |
| 32 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 called | xcomp |
| 33 | Ha | Ha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 _ | flat |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 ha | punct |
| 35 | ha | ha | X | _ | 32 _ | parataxis |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 ha | punct |
| 37 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 38 pronounced | punct |
| 38 | pronounced | pronounce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 village | conj |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 42 rhah | punct |
| 40 | Rhah | Rhah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 rhah | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 Rhah | punct |
| 42 | rhah | rhah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 pronounced | obj |
| 43 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 pronounced | punct |
| 44 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 47 loud | punct |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 loud | det |
| 46 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 47 loud | punct |
| 47 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 village | conj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 laughing | punct |
| 49 | laughing | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 loud | advcl |
| 50 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 laughing | obj |
| 51 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 laughing | punct |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 village | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | This | the principal village | of the Isantee band of Dakotas | tree rules | |||
| 2 | locate | past · passive | the principal village not said here | the Falls of Anthony St. | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | past | the Dakotas | Anthony St. | the _ xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | |||
| 4 | pronounce | past | This not said here | Rhah rhah | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhah=Theme | ||||
| 5 | be | This not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | laugh | gerund | This not said here | waters | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/22/48/