Legends of the Northwest, The Game of Ball. [2], sentence 11
Swift are the maidens that follow after, And swiftly it flies for the farther bound: And long and loud are the peals of laughter, As some fair runner is flung to ground; While backward and forward, and to and fro, The maidens contend on the trampled snow.
Who acts: Swift maidens, ball, peals, maidens · What happens: be, follow, fly, fling, fro, contend · To what, where: Swift maidens, peals, fair runner, ground, trampled snow
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Game of Ball. [2]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swift maidens, ball, peals, maidens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swift | swift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 maidens | compound |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 maidens | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 maidens | det |
| 4 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 peals | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 follow | nsubj |
| 6 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 maidens | acl:relcl |
| 7 | after | after | ADV | _ | 6 follow | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 flies | punct |
| 9 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 flies | cc |
| 10 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 12 flies | advmod |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 flies | nsubj |
| 12 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 maidens | conj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 bound | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 bound | det |
| 15 | farther | far | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 bound | amod |
| 16 | bound | bound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 flies | obl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 long | punct |
| 18 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 long | cc |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 maidens | parataxis |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 loud | cc |
| 21 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 long | conj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 peals | cop |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 peals | det |
| 24 | peals | peal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 laughter | case |
| 26 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 peals | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 flung | punct |
| 28 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 33 flung | mark |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 runner | det |
| 30 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 runner | amod |
| 31 | runner | runner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 flung | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 flung | aux:pass |
| 33 | flung | fling | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 peals | acl |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 ground | case |
| 35 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 flung | obl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 backward | punct |
| 37 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 38 backward | mark |
| 38 | backward | backward | ADV | _ | 24 peals | advmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 forward | cc |
| 40 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 38 backward | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 fro | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 fro | cc |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 fro | case |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 fro | cc |
| 45 | fro | fro | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 24 peals | parataxis |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 contend | punct |
| 47 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 maidens | det |
| 48 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 contend | nsubj |
| 49 | contend | contend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 fro | conj |
| 50 | on | on | ADP | _ | 53 snow | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 snow | det |
| 52 | trampled | trample | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 snow | amod |
| 53 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 contend | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 peals | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Swift maidens | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | follow | present | the Swift maidens | after property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fly | present | ball | for the farther bound; swiftly property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | the Swift maidens | the peals | of laughter; backward property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | fling | present · passive | the peals not said here | some fair runner | ground | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme to ground=Destination | |||
| 6 | fro | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | contend | present | the maidens | the trampled snow | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | trample | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/6/11/