Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 111
Last night I stood by his lodge, and lo I heard the voice of the Little Crow; But the fox is sly and his words were low.
Who acts: I, fox, words, cloud · What happens: stand, hear, be, word · To what, where: voice
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, fox, words, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 night | amod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 lodge | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 lodge | nmod:poss |
| 7 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 heard | cc |
| 10 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 12 heard | discourse |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 voice | det |
| 14 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 heard | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Crow | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Crow | det |
| 17 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Crow | amod |
| 18 | Crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 voice | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 sly | punct |
| 20 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 sly | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 fox | det |
| 22 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sly | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 sly | cop |
| 24 | sly | sly | ADV | _ | 4 stood | advmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 low | cc |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 words | nmod:poss |
| 27 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 low | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 low | cop |
| 29 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 sly | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | I | night | by cloud's lodge | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by lodge=Location | |||
| 2 | hear | past | I | the voice of the Little Crow | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the fox | sly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | cloud's words | low property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | word | cloud | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/111/