Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 84
They charge on the riders and runners stanch, And a dying steed in the snow-drift rolls, While the rider, flung to the frozen ground Escapes the horns by a panther's bound.
Who acts: bulls, riders, dying steed · What happens: charge, stanch, die, fling, freeze, escape · To what, where: riders, dying steed, frozen ground, horns
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bulls, riders, dying steed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 charge | nsubj |
| 2 | charge | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 riders | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 riders | det |
| 5 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 charge | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 runners | cc |
| 7 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 riders | conj |
| 8 | stanch | stanch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 riders | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Escapes | punct |
| 10 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 Escapes | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 steed | det |
| 12 | dying | die | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 steed | amod |
| 13 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 Escapes | nsubj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 rolls | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rolls | det |
| 16 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 drift | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 snow | punct |
| 18 | drift | drift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rolls | compound |
| 19 | rolls | roll | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 steed | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 rider | punct |
| 21 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 23 rider | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 rider | det |
| 23 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 steed | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 flung | punct |
| 25 | flung | fling | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 steed | acl |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 ground | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ground | det |
| 28 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 ground | amod |
| 29 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 flung | obl |
| 30 | Escapes | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 charge | advcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 horns | det |
| 32 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 Escapes | obj |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 bound | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 panther | det |
| 35 | panther | panther | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bound | nmod:poss |
| 36 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 35 panther | case |
| 37 | bound | bound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 Escapes | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 charge | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | charge | present | bulls = bull | the riders and runners | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rider=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | stanch | present | the riders and runners not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | die | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 4 | fling | participle | a dying steed in the drift rolls and the rider not said here | the frozen ground | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to ground=Destination | ||||
| 5 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | escape | present | a dying steed in the drift rolls and the rider | the horns | by a panther's bound | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme horn=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/84/