Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 2, sentence 22
For leagues away o'er the prairies green, On the billowy vast, may a man be seen, When the sun is high and the stars are low; And the sable breast of the strutting crow Looms up like the form of the buffalo.
Who acts: sun, stars, sable breast · What happens: see, be, loom up, form · To what, where: man, buffalo
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, stars, sable breast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 2 leagues | case |
| 2 | leagues | league | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 seen | obl |
| 3 | away | away | ADV | _ | 2 leagues | advmod |
| 4 | o'er | o'er | ADP | _ | 6 prairies | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 prairies | det |
| 6 | prairies | prairie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 leagues | nmod |
| 7 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 prairies | amod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 vast | punct |
| 9 | On | on | ADP | _ | 12 vast | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 vast | det |
| 11 | billowy | billowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 vast | amod |
| 12 | vast | vast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 leagues | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 leagues | punct |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 seen | aux |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 man | det |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 seen | nsubj |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 seen | aux:pass |
| 18 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 high | punct |
| 20 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 24 high | advmod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 sun | det |
| 22 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 high | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 high | cop |
| 24 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 seen | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 low | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 stars | det |
| 27 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 low | nsubj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 low | cop |
| 29 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 high | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 Looms | punct |
| 31 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 Looms | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 breast | det |
| 33 | sable | sable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 breast | amod |
| 34 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Looms | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 crow | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 crow | det |
| 37 | strutting | strutting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 crow | compound |
| 38 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 breast | nmod |
| 39 | Looms | loom | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 seen | conj |
| 40 | up | up | ADP | _ | 39 Looms | compound:prt |
| 41 | like | like | ADP | _ | 43 form | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 form | det |
| 43 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Looms | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 buffalo | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 buffalo | det |
| 46 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 form | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | may · passive | a man | for leagues o'er the prairies and the billowy vast | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the sun | high property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the stars | low property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | loom up | present | the sable breast of the strutting crow | like the form of the buffalo | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | form | the buffalo | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/9/22/