In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 105
In every house containing a Buddhist shrine or Buddhist tablets, incense is burned at certain times; and in even the rudest country solitudes you will find incense smouldering before wayside images,—little stone figures of Fudō, Jizō, or Kwannon.
Who acts: house, you · What happens: contain, burn, find, figure · To what, where: Buddhist shrine, incense, house, incense smouldering, rudest country solitudes, Fudō
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (house, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 house | case |
| 2 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 house | det |
| 3 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 burned | obl |
| 4 | containing | contain | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 house | acl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 shrine | det |
| 6 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 shrine | amod |
| 7 | shrine | shrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 containing | obj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 tablets | cc |
| 9 | Buddhist | Buddhist | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 tablets | compound |
| 10 | tablets | tablet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shrine | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 house | punct |
| 12 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 burned | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 burned | aux:pass |
| 14 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 times | case |
| 16 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 times | amod |
| 17 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 burned | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 find | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 find | cc |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 solitudes | case |
| 21 | even | even | ADV | _ | 25 solitudes | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 solitudes | det |
| 23 | rudest | rude | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 solitudes | amod |
| 24 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 solitudes | compound |
| 25 | solitudes | solitude | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 find | obl |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 find | nsubj |
| 27 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 find | aux |
| 28 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 burned | parataxis |
| 29 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 smouldering | compound |
| 30 | smouldering | smouldering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 find | obj |
| 31 | before | before | ADP | _ | 33 images | case |
| 32 | wayside | wayside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 images | compound |
| 33 | images | image | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 find | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 figures | punct |
| 35 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 figures | punct |
| 36 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 figures | amod |
| 37 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 figures | compound |
| 38 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 images | nmod |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Fudō | case |
| 40 | Fudō | Fudō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 figures | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Jizō | punct |
| 42 | Jizō | Jizō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Fudō | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Kwannon | punct |
| 44 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 Kwannon | cc |
| 45 | Kwannon | Kwannon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Fudō | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 burned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | gerund | every house not said here | a Buddhist shrine or Buddhist tablets | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot shrine=Theme | ||||
| 2 | burn | present · passive | incense | every house | time | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | find | future | you | incense smouldering | the rudest country solitudes | before wayside images little stone figures of Fudō and Jizō or Kwannon | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smouldering=Topic | ||
| 4 | figure | Fudō and Jizō or Kwannon | nom figure «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/105/