In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 110
Still costlier sorts of incense,—veritable luxuries,—take the form of lozenges, wafers, pastilles; and a small envelope of such material may be worth four or five pounds-sterling.
Who acts: small envelope · What happens: take, be, sort, form · To what, where: form, costlier sorts, incense, lozenges
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small envelope), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Still | still | ADV | _ | 3 sorts | advmod |
| 2 | costlier | costly | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 sorts | amod |
| 3 | sorts | sort | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 incense | case |
| 5 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sorts | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 sorts | punct |
| 7 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 luxuries | punct |
| 8 | veritable | veritable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 luxuries | amod |
| 9 | luxuries | luxury | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sorts | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 take | punct |
| 11 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 take | punct |
| 12 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 luxuries | appos |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 form | det |
| 14 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 take | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 lozenges | case |
| 16 | lozenges | lozenge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 form | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 wafers | punct |
| 18 | wafers | wafer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lozenges | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 pastilles | punct |
| 20 | pastilles | pastille | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lozenges | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 worth | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 worth | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 envelope | det |
| 24 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 envelope | amod |
| 25 | envelope | envelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 worth | nsubj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 material | case |
| 27 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 material | amod |
| 28 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 envelope | nmod |
| 29 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 worth | aux |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 worth | cop |
| 31 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 take | parataxis |
| 32 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 pounds | nummod |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 five | cc |
| 34 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 four | conj |
| 35 | pounds | pound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 worth | obj |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 sterling | punct |
| 37 | sterling | sterling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 pounds | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sorts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | infinitive | the form of lozenges and wafers and pastilles | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | may | a small envelope of such material | four pounds and sterling obj; worth property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | sort | incense | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | form | lozenges and wafers and pastilles | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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