In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 152
_Dhyâna_ (called by Japanese Buddhists _Zenjō_) is one of the higher forms of meditation.
Who acts: Japanese Buddhists, Zenjō · What happens: call, be, form · To what, where: Dhyâna, one, meditation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japanese Buddhists, Zenjō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
| 2 | Dhyâna | Dhyâna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Dhyâna | punct |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 Buddhists | case |
| 7 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Buddhists | amod |
| 8 | Buddhists | Buddhist | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 called | obl |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 one | punct |
| 10 | Zenjō | Zenjō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 one | nsubj |
| 11 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 Zenjō | punct |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 Zenjō | punct |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 one | cop |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 called | parataxis |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 forms | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 forms | det |
| 17 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 18 forms | amod |
| 18 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 one | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 meditation | case |
| 20 | meditation | meditation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 forms | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | participle · passive | Japanese Buddhists | Dhyâna | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | Zenjō | one | of the higher forms of meditation | tree rules | |||
| 3 | form | meditation | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/152/