In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 154
In his “Hundred Writings “(_Hyaku-tsū-kiri-kami_), the Shinshū priest Myōden says, quoting from the Buddhist work _Kujikkajō_, or “Ninety Articles “:—
Who acts: Hyaku, Shinshū priest, life · What happens: kami, say, quote, write · To what, where: Hundred Writings, Kujikkajō, Buddhist work · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hyaku, Shinshū priest, life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 Writings | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 Writings | nmod:poss |
| 3 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Writings | punct |
| 4 | Hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 Writings | nummod |
| 5 | Writings | writing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 says | obl |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 kami | punct |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 kami | punct |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kami | punct |
| 9 | Hyaku | Hyaku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 kami | nsubj |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 Hyaku | punct |
| 11 | tsū | tsū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Hyaku | appos |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 tsū | punct |
| 13 | kiri | kiri | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 kami | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 kiri | punct |
| 15 | kami | kami | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Writings | appos |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kami | punct |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 kami | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Writings | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 priest | det |
| 20 | Shinshū | Shinshū | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 priest | compound |
| 21 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 says | nsubj |
| 22 | Myōden | Myōden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 priest | appos |
| 23 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 quoting | punct |
| 25 | quoting | quote | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 says | ccomp |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 work | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 work | det |
| 28 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 work | amod |
| 29 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 quoting | obl |
| 30 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 31 Kujikkajō | punct |
| 31 | Kujikkajō | Kujikkajō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 quoting | obl |
| 32 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 25 quoting | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Articles | punct |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 Articles | cc |
| 35 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 Articles | punct |
| 36 | Ninety | ninety | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 Articles | nummod |
| 37 | Articles | article | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 says | parataxis |
| 38 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 Articles | punct |
| 39 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 says | punct |
| 40 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kami | Hyaku | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | the Shinshū priest | life's Hundred Writings | Ninety Articles parataxis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | quote speech: other | gerund | Kujikkajō | the Buddhist work | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | write in a quote | life | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/154/