In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 160
Nevertheless it will be well for us, when we smell the incense kindled before the image of Amida, to imagine that its odor is the wonderful fragrance of Paradise, and to repeat the _Nembutsu_ in gratitude for the mercy of the Buddha.”
Who acts: reason, we, incense, odor · What happens: be, smell, kindle, imagine, repeat, image · To what, where: wonderful fragrance, Nembutsu, gratitude, Amida
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reason, we, incense, odor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nevertheless | nevertheless | ADV | _ | 11 smell | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 us | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 us | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 us | cop |
| 5 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 us | advmod |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 us | case |
| 7 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Nevertheless | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nevertheless | punct |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 smell | advmod |
| 10 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 smell | nsubj |
| 11 | smell | smell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 incense | det |
| 13 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kindled | nsubj |
| 14 | kindled | kindle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 smell | ccomp |
| 15 | before | before | ADP | _ | 17 image | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 image | det |
| 17 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kindled | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Amida | case |
| 19 | Amida | Amida | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 image | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 imagine | punct |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 imagine | mark |
| 22 | imagine | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 smell | conj |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 fragrance | mark |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 odor | nmod:poss |
| 25 | odor | odor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 fragrance | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 fragrance | cop |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 fragrance | det |
| 28 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 fragrance | amod |
| 29 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 imagine | ccomp |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Paradise | case |
| 31 | Paradise | Paradise | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 fragrance | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 repeat | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 repeat | cc |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 repeat | mark |
| 35 | repeat | repeat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 smell | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Nembutsu | det |
| 37 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 Nembutsu | punct |
| 38 | Nembutsu | Nembutsu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 repeat | obj |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 Nembutsu | punct |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 gratitude | case |
| 41 | gratitude | gratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 repeat | obl |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 mercy | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 mercy | det |
| 44 | mercy | mercy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 repeat | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 Buddha | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 Buddha | det |
| 47 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 mercy | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 smell | punct |
| 49 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 smell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | future | reason | for us; well property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | smell | present | we | nevertheless property | vn see-30.1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | kindle | past | the incense | before the image of Amida | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | imagine | to-infinitive | we not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | reason's odor | the wonderful fragrance | of Paradise | tree rules | |||
| 6 | repeat | to-infinitive | we not said here | the Nembutsu | gratitude | for the mercy of the Buddha | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nembutsu=Eventuality | ||
| 7 | image | Amida | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/160/