In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 163
Incense-burning has been an amusement of the aristocracy ever since the thirteenth century.
Who acts: Incense burning · What happens: be · To what, where: amusement
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Incense burning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 burning | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Incense | punct |
| 3 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 amusement | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 amusement | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 amusement | cop |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 amusement | det |
| 7 | amusement | amusement | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 aristocracy | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 aristocracy | det |
| 10 | aristocracy | aristocracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 amusement | nmod |
| 11 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 15 century | advmod |
| 12 | since | since | ADP | _ | 15 century | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 century | det |
| 14 | thirteenth | thirteenth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 century | amod |
| 15 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 aristocracy | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 amusement | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present · perfect | Incense burning | a amusement | of the aristocracy since the thirteenth century | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/163/