In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 207
The olfactory nerves are apt to become somewhat numbed long before the game is concluded; and, therefore it is customary during the _Kō-kwai_ to rinse the mouth at intervals with pure vinegar, by which operation the sensitivity is partially restored.
Who acts: olfactory nerves, game, operation · What happens: be, become, numb, conclude, rinse, restore · To what, where: game, customary, mouth, intervals, sensitivity
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (olfactory nerves, game, operation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 nerves | det |
| 2 | olfactory | olfactory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 nerves | compound |
| 3 | nerves | nerve | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 apt | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 apt | cop |
| 5 | apt | apt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 become | mark |
| 7 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 apt | xcomp |
| 8 | somewhat | somewhat | ADV | _ | 9 numbed | advmod |
| 9 | numbed | numb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 become | xcomp |
| 10 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 numbed | advmod |
| 11 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 15 concluded | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 game | det |
| 13 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 concluded | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 concluded | aux:pass |
| 15 | concluded | conclude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 numbed | advcl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 customary | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 customary | cc |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 and | punct |
| 19 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 22 customary | advmod |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 customary | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 customary | cop |
| 22 | customary | customary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 apt | conj |
| 23 | during | during | ADP | _ | 28 kwai | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 kwai | det |
| 25 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 kwai | punct |
| 26 | Kō | Kō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 kwai | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Kō | punct |
| 28 | kwai | kwai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 customary | nmod |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 31 rinse | punct |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 rinse | mark |
| 31 | rinse | rinse | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 customary | parataxis |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 mouth | det |
| 33 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rinse | obj |
| 34 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 intervals | case |
| 35 | intervals | interval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 rinse | obl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 vinegar | case |
| 37 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 vinegar | amod |
| 38 | vinegar | vinegar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rinse | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 operation | punct |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 operation | case |
| 41 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 42 operation | det |
| 42 | operation | operation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rinse | obl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 sensitivity | det |
| 44 | sensitivity | sensitivity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 restored | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 restored | aux:pass |
| 46 | partially | partially | ADV | _ | 47 restored | advmod |
| 47 | restored | restore | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 operation | acl:relcl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 apt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the olfactory nerves | apt property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | become | to-infinitive | the olfactory nerves not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | numb | participle | the olfactory nerves not said here | long, somewhat property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | conclude | present · passive | the game | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | game | customary | during the Kō kwai | therefore property | tree rules | ||
| 6 | rinse | to-infinitive | the mouth | intervals | with pure vinegar; by which operation | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mouth=Source | |||
| 7 | restore | present · passive | which operation not said here | the sensitivity | partially property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/207/