In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 32
Nothing remained but the clouds beneath, and the sky above, and the heaping of skulls between,—up-slanting out of sight.
Who acts: Nothing, heaping · What happens: remain, slant · To what, where: clouds, sight
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nothing, heaping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 remained | nsubj |
| 2 | remained | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 clouds | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 clouds | det |
| 5 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 remained | obj |
| 6 | beneath | beneath | ADV | _ | 2 remained | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sky | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sky | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sky | det |
| 10 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 remained | obl |
| 11 | above | above | ADV | _ | 10 sky | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 heaping | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 heaping | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 heaping | det |
| 15 | heaping | heaping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 remained | parataxis |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 skulls | case |
| 17 | skulls | skull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 heaping | nmod |
| 18 | between | between | ADP | _ | 23 slanting | mark |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 slanting | punct |
| 20 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 slanting | punct |
| 21 | up | up | ADV | _ | 23 slanting | advmod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 up | punct |
| 23 | slanting | slant | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 heaping | acl |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 sight | case |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 sight | case |
| 26 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 slanting | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 remained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remain | past | Nothing | the clouds | the sky obl; the heaping of skulls parataxis; beneath property | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cloud=Attribute | |||
| 2 | slant | gerund | the heaping of skulls not said here | sight | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out sight=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/32/