In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 40
“I cannot,” cried the pilgrim, trembling and clinging; “I dare not look beneath!
Who acts: pilgrim · What happens: cry, tremble, cling, look · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pilgrim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 can | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 cried | parataxis |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 can | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 can | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 can | punct |
| 7 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pilgrim | det |
| 9 | pilgrim | pilgrim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cried | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 trembling | punct |
| 11 | trembling | tremble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 cried | advcl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 clinging | cc |
| 13 | clinging | cling | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 trembling | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 look | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 look | punct |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 look | nsubj |
| 17 | dare | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 look | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 dare | advmod |
| 19 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 cried | conj |
| 20 | beneath | beneath | ADV | _ | 19 look | advmod |
| 21 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | the pilgrim | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | tremble | gerund | the pilgrim not said here | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cling | gerund | the pilgrim not said here | vn cling-22.5 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | look in a quote | present | the pilgrim = pilgrim | beneath property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/40/