In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 8, sentence 51
_Shōji_ is the name given to those light white-paper screens which in a Japanese house serve both as windows and doors, admitting plenty of light, but concealing, like frosted glass, the interior from outer observation, and excluding the wind.
Who acts: Shōji · What happens: be, give, serve, admit, conceal, frost · To what, where: name, light paper screens, Japanese house, plenty, frosted glass, wind
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shōji), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Shōji | punct |
| 2 | Shōji | Shōji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 name | nsubj |
| 3 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Shōji | punct |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 name | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 name | det |
| 6 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 name | acl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 screens | case |
| 9 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 14 screens | det |
| 10 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 screens | amod |
| 11 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 paper | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 white | punct |
| 13 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 screens | compound |
| 14 | screens | screen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 given | obl |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 serve | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 house | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 house | det |
| 18 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 house | amod |
| 19 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 serve | obl |
| 20 | serve | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 screens | acl:relcl |
| 21 | both | both | ADV | _ | 20 serve | advmod |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 windows | case |
| 23 | windows | window | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 serve | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 doors | cc |
| 25 | doors | door | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 windows | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 admitting | punct |
| 27 | admitting | admit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 windows | conj |
| 28 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 admitting | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 light | case |
| 30 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 plenty | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 concealing | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 concealing | cc |
| 33 | concealing | conceal | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 name | appos |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 glass | punct |
| 35 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 glass | case |
| 36 | frosted | frost | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 glass | amod |
| 37 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 concealing | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 interior | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 interior | det |
| 40 | interior | interior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 glass | appos |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 observation | case |
| 42 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 observation | amod |
| 43 | observation | observation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 interior | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 excluding | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 excluding | cc |
| 46 | excluding | exclude | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 concealing | conj |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 wind | det |
| 48 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 excluding | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 name | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Shōji | the name | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give | participle | the name not said here | that light paper screens | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to screen=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | serve | present | that light paper screens | a Japanese house | as windows and doors; both property | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent which=Value in house=Location | |||
| 4 | admit speech: other | gerund | plenty of light | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Theme | |||||
| 5 | conceal | gerund | frosted glass | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient | |||||
| 6 | frost | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 7 | exclude | gerund | the wind | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer wind=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/10/51/