In Ghostly Japan, Fancies of Another Faith, sentence 3
_(3)I whispered a prayer at the grave: a butterfly rose and fluttered— Thy spirit, perhaps, dear friend!…
Who acts: _ · What happens: whisper, flutter · To what, where: prayer, grave, spirit
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Fancies of Another Faith. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (_), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 whispered | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 3 3 | punct |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 1 _ | appos |
| 4 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 3 3 | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 whispered | nsubj |
| 6 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 prayer | det |
| 8 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 whispered | obj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 grave | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 grave | det |
| 11 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 whispered | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 rose | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 rose | det |
| 14 | butterfly | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rose | compound |
| 15 | rose | rose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 whispered | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 fluttered | cc |
| 17 | fluttered | flutter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 whispered | conj |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 spirit | punct |
| 19 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 20 spirit | nmod:poss |
| 20 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fluttered | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 friend | punct |
| 22 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 25 friend | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 friend | punct |
| 24 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 friend | amod |
| 25 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 spirit | appos |
| 26 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 25 friend | punct |
| 27 | … | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 whispered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whisper speech: assert | past | _ | a prayer | the grave | a butterfly rose obl; I nsubj | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic | ||
| 2 | flutter | past | _ not said here | Thy spirit | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spirit=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/13/3/