In Ghostly Japan, Shintō Revery, sentence 4
The dead, becoming _kami_ or gods, are thought to haunt wild solitudes by preference.
What happens: become, think, haunt · To what, where: kami, dead, wild solitudes
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Shintō Revery. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dead | det |
| 2 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 thought | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 becoming | punct |
| 4 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 dead | advcl |
| 5 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 6 kami | punct |
| 6 | kami | kami | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 becoming | xcomp |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 6 kami | punct |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 gods | cc |
| 9 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kami | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 kami | punct |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 thought | aux:pass |
| 12 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 haunt | mark |
| 14 | haunt | haunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 thought | xcomp |
| 15 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 solitudes | amod |
| 16 | solitudes | solitude | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 haunt | obj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 preference | case |
| 18 | preference | preference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 haunt | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | gerund | kami or gods | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present · passive | the dead | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | haunt | to-infinitive | wild solitudes | by preference | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus solitude=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/23/4/