In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 152
The meaning of this proverb is identical with that of the _Dhammapada_ verse:—“If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him as the wheel follows the foot of the ox that draws the carriage.”
Who acts: meaning, man, pain, wheel, ox · What happens: be, speak, act, follow, draw, mean · To what, where: man, foot, carriage, proverb · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meaning, man, pain, wheel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 meaning | det |
| 2 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 identical | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 proverb | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 proverb | det |
| 5 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 meaning | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 identical | cop |
| 7 | identical | identical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 that | case |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 identical | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 verse | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 verse | det |
| 12 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 verse | punct |
| 13 | Dhammapada | Dhammapada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 verse | compound |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 13 Dhammapada | punct |
| 15 | verse | verse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 that | nmod |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 identical | punct |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 speaks | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 speaks | punct |
| 19 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 22 speaks | mark |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 man | det |
| 21 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 speaks | nsubj |
| 22 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 identical | parataxis |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 acts | cc |
| 24 | acts | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 speaks | conj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 thought | case |
| 26 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 thought | det |
| 27 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 thought | amod |
| 28 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 acts | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 follows | punct |
| 30 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 follows | nsubj |
| 31 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 speaks | conj |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 follows | obj |
| 33 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 follows | mark |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 wheel | det |
| 35 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 follows | nsubj |
| 36 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 follows | advcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 foot | det |
| 38 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 follows | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 ox | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ox | det |
| 41 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 foot | nmod |
| 42 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 draws | nsubj |
| 43 | draws | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 ox | acl:relcl |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 carriage | det |
| 45 | carriage | carriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 draws | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 identical | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 identical | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the meaning of this proverb | with that of the Dhammapada verse; identical property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | a man | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | act in a quote | present | a man not said here | with a evil thought | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | follow in a quote | present | pain | man | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 5 | follow in a quote | present | the wheel | the foot of the ox | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme | ||||
| 6 | draw in a quote | present | the ox | the carriage | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carriage=Theme | ||||
| 7 | mean | this proverb | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/152/