In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 158
_ Life is a lamp-flame before a wind.
Who acts: _ Life · What happens: be · To what, where: lamp flame
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (_ Life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Life | compound |
| 2 | Life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 flame | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 flame | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 flame | det |
| 5 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 flame | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 lamp | punct |
| 7 | flame | flame | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | before | before | ADP | _ | 10 wind | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 wind | det |
| 10 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 flame | nmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 flame | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | _ Life | a lamp flame | before a wind | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/158/