In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 177
“Well, it is a matter of _Jigō-jitoku_,” people will observe on seeing a man being taken to prison; meaning, “He is reaping the consequence of his own faults.”
Who acts: it, people, Jigō · What happens: be, observe, see, take, reap, fault · To what, where: matter, man, consequence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, people, Jigō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 matter | punct |
| 2 | Well | well | INTJ | _ | 7 matter | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Well | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 matter | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 matter | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 matter | det |
| 7 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Jigō | case |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jigō | punct |
| 10 | Jigō | Jigō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 observe | obl |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 jitoku | punct |
| 12 | jitoku | jitoku | X | Foreign=Yes | 10 Jigō | dep |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jigō | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jigō | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jigō | punct |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 observe | nsubj |
| 17 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 observe | aux |
| 18 | observe | observe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 matter | parataxis |
| 19 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 20 seeing | mark |
| 20 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 observe | advcl |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 man | det |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 seeing | obj |
| 23 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 taken | aux:pass |
| 24 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 man | acl |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 prison | case |
| 26 | prison | prison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 taken | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 meaning | punct |
| 28 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 matter | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 reaping | punct |
| 30 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 reaping | punct |
| 31 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 reaping | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 reaping | aux |
| 33 | reaping | reap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 meaning | acl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 consequence | det |
| 35 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 reaping | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 faults | case |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 faults | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 faults | amod |
| 39 | faults | fault | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 consequence | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 reaping | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 matter | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | it | a matter and meaning | meaning conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | observe | future | people | of Jigō | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | see | gerund | people not said here | a man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | take | gerund · passive | a man not said here | to prison result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: to prison=Result | ||||
| 5 | reap in a quote | present · progressive | Jigō | the consequence of Jigō's own faults | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fault in a quote | Jigō | nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/177/