In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 64
[9] Allusion to a parable, said to have been related by the Buddha himself, about some monkeys who found a well under a tree, and mistook for reality the image of the moon in the water.
Who acts: Allusion, Buddha, monkeys · What happens: say, relate, find, mistake, image · To what, where: 9, tree, image, water, moon · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Allusion, Buddha, monkeys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 9 | punct |
| 2 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 said | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 4 Allusion | punct |
| 4 | Allusion | allusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 parable | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 parable | det |
| 7 | parable | parable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Allusion | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Allusion | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 related | mark |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 related | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 related | aux:pass |
| 13 | related | relate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | ccomp |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 Buddha | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Buddha | det |
| 16 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 related | obl |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 16 Buddha | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 monkeys | punct |
| 19 | about | about | ADP | _ | 21 monkeys | case |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 monkeys | det |
| 21 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 related | obl |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 found | nsubj |
| 23 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 monkeys | acl:relcl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 tree | det |
| 25 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 tree | advmod |
| 26 | under | under | ADP | _ | 28 tree | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 tree | det |
| 28 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 found | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 mistook | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 mistook | cc |
| 31 | mistook | mistake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 reality | case |
| 33 | reality | reality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 mistook | obl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 image | det |
| 35 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 mistook | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 moon | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 moon | det |
| 38 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 image | nmod |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 water | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 water | det |
| 41 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 mistook | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Allusion to a parable | 9 | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | relate | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | the Buddha moon | about some monkeys | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | find | past | some monkeys | a tree | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Topic | ||||
| 4 | mistake | past | Allusion to a parable not said here | the image of the moon | the water | for reality | tree rules | ||
| 5 | image | the moon | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/64/