In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 66
One monkey suspended himself by the tail from a branch overhanging the well, a second monkey clung to the first, a third to the second, a fourth to the third, and so on,—till the long chain of bodies had almost reached the water.
Who acts: One monkey, branch · What happens: suspend, overhang, cling, reach · To what, where: circle, branch, well, second monkey, long chain
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One monkey, branch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 monkey | nummod |
| 2 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 suspended | nsubj |
| 3 | suspended | suspend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 suspended | obj |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 tail | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tail | det |
| 7 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 suspended | obl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 branch | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 branch | det |
| 10 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 suspended | obl |
| 11 | overhanging | overhang | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 branch | acl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 well | det |
| 13 | well | well | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 overhanging | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 monkey | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 monkey | det |
| 16 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 monkey | amod |
| 17 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 well | conj |
| 18 | clung | cling | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 monkey | acl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 first | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 first | det |
| 21 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 clung | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 third | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 third | det |
| 24 | third | third | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 well | conj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 second | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 second | det |
| 27 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 24 third | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 fourth | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 fourth | det |
| 30 | fourth | fourth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 third | appos |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 third | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 third | det |
| 33 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 30 fourth | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 on | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 on | cc |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 on | advmod |
| 37 | on | on | ADV | _ | 3 suspended | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 on | punct |
| 39 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 chain | punct |
| 40 | till | till | ADP | _ | 43 chain | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 chain | det |
| 42 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 chain | amod |
| 43 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 reached | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 bodies | case |
| 45 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 chain | nmod |
| 46 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 reached | aux |
| 47 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 48 reached | advmod |
| 48 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 suspended | parataxis |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 water | det |
| 50 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 reached | obj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 suspended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suspend | past | One monkey | circle | a branch | by the tail | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent himself=Theme from branch=Source | ||
| 2 | overhang | gerund | a branch not said here | the well and a second monkey and a third to the second | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme well=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | cling | participle | a second monkey not said here | to the first | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to first=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | reach | past · perfect · passive | the long chain of bodies | the water obj; almost property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/66/