In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 80
Jocosely the saying is sometimes used of a crowd of wretched or tired-looking people,—sometimes of an assembly of weak boys desiring to make some demonstration,—sometimes of a miserable-looking company of soldiers.—Among the lowest classes of the people it is not uncommon to call a deformed or greedy person a “gaki.”
Who acts: weak boys, demonstration · What happens: use, look, desire, make, not be, call · To what, where: Jocosely saying, demonstration, people, deformed person · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weak boys, demonstration), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jocosely | Jocosely | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saying | compound |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 saying | det |
| 3 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 used | aux:pass |
| 5 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 6 used | advmod |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 crowd | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 crowd | det |
| 9 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 people | case |
| 11 | wretched | wretched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 people | amod |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 looking | cc |
| 13 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 looking | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 looking | punct |
| 15 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 people | amod |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 crowd | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 assembly | punct |
| 19 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 22 assembly | advmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 assembly | case |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 assembly | det |
| 22 | assembly | assembly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | parataxis |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 boys | case |
| 24 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 boys | amod |
| 25 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 assembly | nmod |
| 26 | desiring | desire | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 boys | acl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 make | mark |
| 28 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 desiring | xcomp |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 demonstration | det |
| 30 | demonstration | demonstration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 make | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 company | punct |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 company | punct |
| 33 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 39 company | advmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 company | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 company | det |
| 36 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 looking | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 miserable | punct |
| 38 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 company | amod |
| 39 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 assembly | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 soldiers | case |
| 41 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 company | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 assembly | punct |
| 43 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 classes | punct |
| 44 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 47 classes | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 classes | det |
| 46 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 47 classes | amod |
| 47 | classes | class | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 used | obl |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 people | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 people | det |
| 50 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 classes | nmod |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 uncommon | nsubj |
| 52 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 uncommon | cop |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 uncommon | advmod |
| 54 | uncommon | uncommon | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 people | acl:relcl |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 call | mark |
| 56 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 uncommon | advcl |
| 57 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 61 person | det |
| 58 | deformed | deform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 61 person | amod |
| 59 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 60 greedy | cc |
| 60 | greedy | greedy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 deformed | conj |
| 61 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 call | obj |
| 62 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 64 gaki | det |
| 63 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 gaki | punct |
| 64 | gaki | gaki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 call | xcomp |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 47 classes | punct |
| 66 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 classes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | the Jocosely saying | of a crowd of wretched looking people; among the lowest classes of the people; a assembly of weak boys and a looking company of soldiers parataxis; sometimes property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | look | gerund | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | desire | gerund | weak boys not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | make not said to happen | to-infinitive | weak boys not said here | some demonstration | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset demonstration=Product | ||||
| 5 | look | gerund | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 6 | not is | present | demonstration | the people not said here | uncommon property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | call | to-infinitive | demonstration not said here | a deformed person | a gaki xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient | |||
| 8 | deform | participle | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/80/