In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 84
[12] Some authorities state that those _prêtas_ who suffer especially from thirst, as a consequence of faults committed in former lives, are unable to see water.—This proverb is used in speaking of persons too stupid or vicious to perceive a moral truth.
Who acts: 12 authorities, prêtas · What happens: state, suffer, commit, be, see, use · To what, where: thirst, faults, former lives, water, proverb, speaking · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (12 authorities, prêtas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 12 | punct |
| 2 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 authorities | nummod |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 12 | punct |
| 4 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 5 authorities | det |
| 5 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 state | nsubj |
| 6 | state | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 unable | mark |
| 8 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 prêtas | det |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 prêtas | punct |
| 10 | prêtas | prêta | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 unable | nsubj |
| 11 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 prêtas | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 suffer | nsubj |
| 13 | suffer | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 prêtas | acl:relcl |
| 14 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 13 suffer | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 thirst | case |
| 16 | thirst | thirst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 suffer | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 consequence | punct |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 consequence | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 consequence | det |
| 20 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 prêtas | conj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 faults | case |
| 22 | faults | fault | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 consequence | nmod |
| 23 | committed | commit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 faults | acl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 lives | case |
| 25 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 lives | amod |
| 26 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 committed | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 prêtas | punct |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 unable | cop |
| 29 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 state | advcl |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 see | mark |
| 31 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 unable | xcomp |
| 32 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 see | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 state | punct |
| 34 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 used | punct |
| 35 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 36 proverb | det |
| 36 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 used | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 used | aux:pass |
| 38 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 state | conj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 speaking | case |
| 40 | speaking | speaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 used | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 persons | case |
| 42 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 speaking | nmod |
| 43 | too | too | ADV | _ | 44 stupid | advmod |
| 44 | stupid | stupid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 persons | amod |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 vicious | cc |
| 46 | vicious | vicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 stupid | conj |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 perceive | mark |
| 48 | perceive | perceive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 vicious | xcomp |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 truth | det |
| 50 | moral | moral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 truth | amod |
| 51 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 perceive | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 state | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state speech: other | present | some 12 authorities | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | suffer | present | that prêtas and a consequence of faults | thirst | especially property | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | commit | participle | faults not said here | former lives | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in life=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | present | that prêtas and a consequence of faults | unable property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | see | to-infinitive | that prêtas and a consequence of faults not said here | water | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | use | present · passive | this proverb | speaking of persons | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 7 | perceive | to-infinitive | a moral truth | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer truth=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | speak | persons | nom speaking «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/84/