In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 144
[63] _Kugai_ (lit.: “bitter world”) is a term often used to describe the life of a prostitute.
Who acts: Kugai · What happens: lit, be, use, describe · To what, where: 63, term, life
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kugai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 63 | punct |
| 2 | 63 | 63 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 lit | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 63 | punct |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 lit | punct |
| 5 | Kugai | Kugai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 lit | nsubj |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 Kugai | punct |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 lit | punct |
| 8 | lit | lit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 term | advcl |
| 9 | .: | .: | SYM | _ | 8 lit | discourse |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 world | punct |
| 11 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 world | amod |
| 12 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lit | obl |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 world | punct |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 world | punct |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 term | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 term | det |
| 17 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | often | often | ADV | _ | 19 used | advmod |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 term | acl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 describe | mark |
| 21 | describe | describe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 used | xcomp |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 life | det |
| 23 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 describe | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 prostitute | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 prostitute | det |
| 26 | prostitute | prostitute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 life | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 term | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lit | participle | Kugai | 63 | bitter world obl | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | present | a term | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | use | participle | a term not said here | often property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | describe | to-infinitive | the life of a prostitute | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/144/