In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 19
[41] This verse-proverb is cited in the Buddhist work _Wōjō Yōshū_, with the following comment:—“Who knows whether the animal in the field, or the bird in the mountain-wood, has not been either his father or his mother in some former state of existence?”—The _hototogisu_ is a kind of cuckoo.
Who acts: following comment, father, hototogisu _ · What happens: cite, follow, know, not be, be · To what, where: verse proverb, Buddhist work, field, kind · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (following comment, father, hototogisu _), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 41 | punct |
| 2 | 41 | 41 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 cited | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 41 | punct |
| 4 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 proverb | det |
| 5 | verse | verse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 proverb | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 verse | punct |
| 7 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cited | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 cited | aux:pass |
| 9 | cited | cite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 work | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 work | det |
| 12 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 work | amod |
| 13 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cited | obl |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 Wōjō | punct |
| 15 | Wōjō | Wōjō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 work | appos |
| 16 | Yōshū | Yōshū | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Wōjō | flat |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 9 cited | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 comment | punct |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 comment | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 comment | det |
| 21 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 comment | amod |
| 22 | comment | comment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cited | parataxis |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 knows | punct |
| 24 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 knows | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 knows | punct |
| 26 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 knows | nsubj |
| 27 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 comment | parataxis |
| 28 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 30 animal | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 animal | det |
| 30 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 knows | ccomp |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 field | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 field | det |
| 33 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 knows | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 bird | punct |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 bird | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 bird | det |
| 37 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 knows | ccomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 wood | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 wood | det |
| 40 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 wood | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 mountain | punct |
| 42 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bird | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 been | punct |
| 44 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 been | aux |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 been | advmod |
| 46 | been | be | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 knows | ccomp |
| 47 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 49 father | cc:preconj |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 father | nmod:poss |
| 49 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 been | nsubj |
| 50 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 52 mother | cc |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 mother | nmod:poss |
| 52 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 father | conj |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 state | case |
| 54 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 56 state | det |
| 55 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 state | amod |
| 56 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 mother | nmod |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 existence | case |
| 58 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 state | nmod |
| 59 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 56 state | punct |
| 60 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 father | punct |
| 61 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 68 kind | punct |
| 62 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 _ | det |
| 63 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 65 _ | punct |
| 64 | hototogisu | hototogisu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 _ | compound |
| 65 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 kind | nsubj |
| 66 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 68 kind | cop |
| 67 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 68 kind | det |
| 68 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 father | appos |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 cuckoo | case |
| 70 | cuckoo | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 kind | nmod |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cite | present · passive | this verse proverb | the Buddhist work | 41 obl; the following comment parataxis | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | know in a quote | present | the following comment | the field | the animal ccomp; the bird in the mountain wood ccomp | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | not be in a quote | present · perfect | animal's father or father's mother in some former state of existence | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | the hototogisu _ | a kind | of cuckoo | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/19/