In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 29
[43] That is to say, The chief cause of trouble is unguarded speech.
Who acts: chief cause · What happens: be, cause · To what, where: unguarded speech, trouble
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief cause), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 43 | punct |
| 2 | 43 | 43 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 say | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 43 | punct |
| 4 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 43 | advmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 say | cop |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 say | mark |
| 7 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 say | punct |
| 9 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cause | det |
| 10 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 cause | amod |
| 11 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 speech | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 trouble | case |
| 13 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 cause | nmod |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 speech | cop |
| 15 | unguarded | unguarded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 speech | amod |
| 16 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 say | parataxis |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | 43 obl; say property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | the chief cause of trouble | unguarded speech | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cause | trouble | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/29/