In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 41
Without earnest effort no merit can be gained.
What happens: gain · To what, where: merit
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Without | without | ADP | _ | 3 effort | case |
| 2 | earnest | earn | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 effort | amod |
| 3 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gained | obl |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 merit | det |
| 5 | merit | merit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gained | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 gained | aux |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 gained | aux:pass |
| 8 | gained | gain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 gained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gain | can · passive | no merit | without earnest effort | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/41/